| GO term | GO name | GO namespace | GO def |
| GO:0005179 | hormone activity | molecular_function | The action characteristic of a hormone, any substance formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory action. The term was originally applied to agents with a stimulatory physiological action in vertebrate animals (as opposed to a chalone, which has a depressant action). Usage is now extended to regulatory compounds in lower animals and plants, and to synthetic substances having comparable effects; all bind receptors and trigger some biological process. [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732] |
| GO:0005198 | structural molecule activity | molecular_function | The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a complex. [GOC:mah, GOC:vw] |
| GO:0005509 | calcium ion binding | molecular_function | Binding to a calcium ion (Ca2+). [GOC:ai] |
| GO:0005515 | protein binding | molecular_function | Binding to a protein. [GOC:go_curators] |
| GO:0008147 | structural constituent of bone | molecular_function | The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of bone. [GOC:mah] |
| GO:0046848 | hydroxyapatite binding | molecular_function | Binding to hydroxyapatite, the calcium phosphate mineral of formula Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 found both in rocks of nonorganic origin and as a component of bone and dentin. [PMID:2438276] |
| GO:0001501 | skeletal system development | biological_process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton). [GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:tb] |
| GO:0001649 | osteoblast differentiation | biological_process | The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an osteoblast, a mesodermal or neural crest cell that gives rise to bone. [CL:0000062, GO_REF:0000034, GOC:jid] |
| GO:0001956 | positive regulation of neurotransmitter secretion | biological_process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter. [GOC:hjd] |
| GO:0002076 | osteoblast development | biological_process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an osteoblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Osteoblast development does not include the steps involved in committing a cranial neural crest cell or an osteoprogenitor cell to an osteoblast fate. An osteoblast is a cell that gives rise to bone. [GOC:dph] |
| GO:0007155 | cell adhesion | biological_process | The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules. [GOC:hb, GOC:pf] |
| GO:0007165 | signal transduction | biological_process | The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_signaling_feb11] |
| GO:0007420 | brain development | biological_process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.). [GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:tb, UBERON:0000955] |
| GO:0007611 | learning or memory | biological_process | The acquisition and processing of information and/or the storage and retrieval of this information over time. [GOC:jid, PMID:8938125] |
| GO:0009410 | response to xenobiotic stimulus | biological_process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical. [GOC:jl, GOC:krc] |
| GO:0009612 | response to mechanical stimulus | biological_process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus. [GOC:hb] |
| GO:0009629 | response to gravity | biological_process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gravitational stimulus. [GOC:hb] |
| GO:0010043 | response to zinc ion | biological_process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a zinc ion stimulus. [GOC:sm] |
| GO:0014823 | response to activity | biological_process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an activity stimulus. [GOC:mtg_muscle] |
| GO:0016311 | dephosphorylation | biological_process | The process of removing one or more phosphoric (ester or anhydride) residues from a molecule. [ISBN:0198506732] |
| GO:0030282 | bone mineralization | biological_process | The deposition of hydroxyapatite, a form of calcium phosphate with the formula Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, in bone tissue. [GOC:mah, PMID:22936354] |
| GO:0030500 | regulation of bone mineralization | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization. [GOC:go_curators] |
| GO:0032571 | response to vitamin K | biological_process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin K stimulus. [GOC:sl] |
| GO:0032869 | cellular response to insulin stimulus | biological_process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732] |
| GO:0033280 | response to vitamin D | biological_process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin D stimulus. [GOC:sl] |
| GO:0033574 | response to testosterone | biological_process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a testosterone stimulus. [GOC:sl] |
| GO:0033594 | response to hydroxyisoflavone | biological_process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroxyisoflavone stimulus. [GOC:mah] |
| GO:0034224 | cellular response to zinc ion starvation | biological_process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of zinc ions. [GOC:mah] |
| GO:0036005 | response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor | biological_process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus. [GOC:yaf, PMID:14687666] |
| GO:0042593 | glucose homeostasis | biological_process | Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of glucose within an organism or cell. [GOC:go_curators] |
| GO:0043627 | response to estrogen | biological_process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by an estrogen, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] |
| GO:0044342 | type B pancreatic cell proliferation | biological_process | The multiplication or reproduction of pancreatic B cells, resulting in the expansion of an pancreatic B cell population. Pancreatic B cell are cells of the pancreas that secrete insulin. [GOC:jl, GOC:yaf] |
| GO:0045124 | regulation of bone resorption | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone tissue loss (resorption). [GOC:ai] |
| GO:0045471 | response to ethanol | biological_process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethanol stimulus. [GOC:go_curators] |
| GO:0045670 | regulation of osteoclast differentiation | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation. [GOC:go_curators] |
| GO:0048863 | stem cell differentiation | biological_process | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a stem cell. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. [CL:0000034, GOC:isa_complete] |
| GO:0050890 | cognition | biological_process | The operation of the mind by which an organism becomes aware of objects of thought or perception; it includes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory. [ISBN:0721619908] |
| GO:0051384 | response to glucocorticoid | biological_process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucocorticoid stimulus. Glucocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol with the ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects. [GOC:ai, PMID:9884123] |
| GO:0071305 | cellular response to vitamin D | biological_process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin D stimulus. [GOC:mah] |
| GO:0071363 | cellular response to growth factor stimulus | biological_process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus. [GOC:mah] |
| GO:1900076 | regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to insulin stimulus. [GOC:TermGenie, GOC:yaf] |
| GO:1903011 | negative regulation of bone development | biological_process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone development. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:mr, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:22510437] |
| GO:2000224 | regulation of testosterone biosynthetic process | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of testosterone biosynthetic process. [GOC:obol, GOC:yaf] |
| GO:0005576 | extracellular region | cellular_component | The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. [GOC:go_curators] |
| GO:0005615 | extracellular space | cellular_component | That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. [ISBN:0198547684] |
| GO:0005737 | cytoplasm | cellular_component | The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. [ISBN:0198547684] |
| GO:0005788 | endoplasmic reticulum lumen | cellular_component | The volume enclosed by the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum. [ISBN:0198547684] |
| GO:0005796 | Golgi lumen | cellular_component | The volume enclosed by the membranes of any cisterna or subcompartment of the Golgi apparatus, including the cis- and trans-Golgi networks. [GOC:mah] |
| GO:0030425 | dendrite | cellular_component | A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, morphology. Dendrites receive and integrate signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conduct nerve impulses towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body. [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, GOC:dos, GOC:mah, GOC:nln, ISBN:0198506732] |
| GO:0031982 | vesicle | cellular_component | Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by membrane. [GOC:mah, GOC:pz, GOC:vesicles] |
| GO:0043204 | perikaryon | cellular_component | The portion of the cell soma (neuronal cell body) that excludes the nucleus. [GOC:jl] |
| GO:0060348 | bone development | biological_process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of bone over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Bone is the hard skeletal connective tissue consisting of both mineral and cellular components. [GOC:dph] |