| GO term | GO name | GO namespace | GO def |
| GO:0000122 | negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | biological_process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH] |
| GO:0000902 | cell morphogenesis | biological_process | The developmental process in which the size or shape of a cell is generated and organized. [GOC:clt, GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb] |
| GO:0007129 | homologous chromosome pairing at meiosis | biological_process | The meiotic cell cycle process where side by side pairing and physical juxtaposition of homologous chromosomes is created during meiotic prophase. Homologous chromosome pairing begins when the chromosome arms begin to pair from the clustered telomeres and ends when synaptonemal complex or linear element assembly is complete. [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle, PMID:22582262, PMID:23117617, PMID:31811152] |
| GO:0007283 | spermatogenesis | biological_process | The developmental process by which male germ line stem cells self renew or give rise to successive cell types resulting in the development of a spermatozoa. [GOC:jid, ISBN:9780878933846, PMID:28073824, PMID:30990821] |
| GO:0008630 | intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage | biological_process | The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_apoptosis] |
| GO:0009566 | fertilization | biological_process | The union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy). [GOC:tb, ISBN:0198506732] |
| GO:0031047 | regulatory ncRNA-mediated gene silencing | biological_process | A process in which an regulatory non-coding RNA molecule reduces expression of target genes. This can occur pre-transcriptionally by assembly of heterochromatin and prevention of transcription or co- or post-transcriptionally by targeting RNAs for degradation or by interfering with splicing or translation. This process starts once the inhibitory RNA molecule has been transcribed, and includes processing of the RNA such as cleavage, modifications, transport from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, loading onto the RISC complex, and the effect on transcription or translation. [PMID:15020054] |
| GO:0034587 | piRNA processing | biological_process | A process leading to the generation of a functional piRNA. piRNAs (Piwi-associated RNAs) are a class of 24- to 30-nucleotide RNAs derived from repeat or complex DNA sequence elements and processed by a Dicer-independent mechanism. [GOC:kmv, PMID:23329111, PMID:24696457, PMID:34724117] |
| GO:0035234 | ectopic germ cell programmed cell death | biological_process | Programmed cell death of an errant germ line cell that is outside the normal migratory path or ectopic to the gonad. This is an important mechanism of regulating germ cell survival within the embryo. [PMID:12814944] |
| GO:0043066 | negative regulation of apoptotic process | biological_process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_apoptosis] |
| GO:0046620 | regulation of organ growth | biological_process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism. [GOC:bf, GOC:tb] |
| GO:0051093 | negative regulation of developmental process | biological_process | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). [GOC:ai] |
| GO:0060964 | regulation of miRNA-mediated gene silencing | biological_process | A process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the downregulation of gene expression through the action of microRNAs (miRNAs). [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, GOC:dph, GOC:rl, GOC:tb, PMID:23985560, PMID:28379604] |
| GO:0071514 | genomic imprinting | biological_process | The establishment of epigenetic modifications (imprints) during gametogenesis, and propagation of these imprints during the organism's life. Genomic imprinting leads to an asymmetry between the maternal and paternal alleles and differential expression of the corresponding alleles. This can happen through heterochromatin formation or differential chromatin loop formation. [PMID:24492710, PMID:31896690, PMID:31965998] |
| GO:0141007 | siRNA-mediated retrotransposon silencing by heterochromatin formation | biological_process | A retrotransposon silencing mechanism in which a siRNA triggers heterochromatin assembly. Heterochromatin is a chromatin conformation that is refractory to transcription. [PMID:36570931] |
| GO:2000242 | negative regulation of reproductive process | biological_process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. [GOC:mah] |
| GO:0001673 | male germ cell nucleus | cellular_component | The nucleus of a male germ cell, a reproductive cell in males. [CL:0000015, GOC:hjd, GOC:mtg_sensu] |
| GO:0001741 | XY body | cellular_component | A structure found in a male mammalian spermatocyte containing an unpaired X chromosome that has become densely heterochromatic, silenced and localized at the nuclear periphery. [GOC:hjd, GOC:mr, PMID:20622855, Wikipedia:XY_sex-determination_system] |
| GO:0005634 | nucleus | cellular_component | A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. [GOC:go_curators] |
| GO:0005737 | cytoplasm | cellular_component | The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. [ISBN:0198547684] |
| GO:0030849 | autosome | cellular_component | Any chromosome other than a sex chromosome. [GOC:mah] |
| GO:0033391 | chromatoid body | cellular_component | A ribonucleoprotein complex found in the cytoplasm of male germ cells, composed of exceedingly thin filaments that are consolidated into a compact mass or into dense strands of varying thickness that branch to form an irregular network. Contains mRNAs, miRNAs, and protein components involved in miRNA processing (such as Argonaute proteins and the endonuclease Dicer) and in RNA decay (such as the decapping enzyme DCP1a and GW182). [PMID:17183363] |
| GO:0043186 | P granule | cellular_component | A small cytoplasmic, non-membranous RNA/protein complex aggregate in the primordial germ cells of many higher eukaryotes. [GOC:dph, GOC:kmv, PMID:11262230] |
| GO:0048471 | perinuclear region of cytoplasm | cellular_component | Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus. [GOC:jid] |
| GO:0071547 | piP-body | cellular_component | A P granule that contains the PIWIL4-TDRD9 module, a set of proteins that act in the secondary piRNA pathway. [GOC:sp, PMID:20011505] |
| GO:0000785 | chromatin | cellular_component | The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome. [GOC:elh, PMID:20404130] |
| GO:0045892 | negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription | biological_process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH] |
| GO:0007140 | male meiotic nuclear division | biological_process | A cell cycle process by which the cell nucleus divides as part of a meiotic cell cycle in the male germline. [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:vw] |
| GO:0043565 | sequence-specific DNA binding | molecular_function | Binding to DNA of a specific nucleotide composition, e.g. GC-rich DNA binding, or with a specific sequence motif or type of DNA e.g. promotor binding or rDNA binding. [GOC:jl] |